Claims about what is metaphysically necessary or possible have long played a central role in metaphysics and other areas of philosophy. Such claims are traditionally thought of as aiming to describe a special kind of modal fact or property, or perhaps facts about other possible worlds. But that assumption leads to difficult ontological, epistemological, and methodological puzzl...(展开全部)

Claims about what is metaphysically necessary or possible have long played a central role in metaphysics and other areas of philosophy. Such claims are traditionally thought of as aiming to describe a special kind of modal fact or property, or perhaps facts about other possible worlds. But that assumption leads to difficult ontological, epistemological, and methodological puzzl...(展开全部)

If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. Ever since the publication of its original version, Naming and Necessity has had great and increasing influence. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of referenc...(展开全部)

'Naming and Necessity' has had a great and increasing influence. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of naming, and of identity. This seminal work, to which today's thriving essentialist metaphysics largely owes its impetus, is here reissued in a newly corrected form...(展开全部)

作者伯纳德•威廉斯（Bernard Williams，1929—2003），20世纪最杰出的哲学家之一，主要研究领域是伦理学、知识论、心灵哲学和政治哲学。威廉斯对功利主义和康德伦理学的批判，以及对道德和道德要求的本质的探究，主导了近30年来西方伦理理论的思维，在某种意义上是这一时期最重要的道德哲学家。著有《道德运气》（1981）等作品。 译者吴天岳，北京大学哲学系副教授，主要研究领域为：古希腊罗马哲学、教父哲学与中世纪哲学，尤其关注这一时期心灵哲学和道德哲学的研究。著有《意愿与自由：奥古斯丁意愿概念的道德心理学解读》。

作者伯纳德•威廉斯（Bernard Williams，1929—2003），20世纪最杰出的哲学家之一，主要研究领域是伦理学、知识论、心灵哲学和政治哲学。威廉斯对功利主义和康德伦理学的批判，以及对道德和道德要求的本质的探究，主导了近30年来西方伦理理论的思维，在某种意义上是这一时期最重要的道德哲学家。著有《道德运气》（1981）等作品。 译者吴天岳，北京大学哲学系副教授，主要研究领域为：古希腊罗马哲学、教父哲学与中世纪哲学，尤其关注这一时期心灵哲学和道德哲学的研究。著有《意愿与自由：奥古斯丁意愿概念的道德心理学解读》。

If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. Ever since the publication of its original version, Naming and Necessity has had great and increasing influence. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of referenc...(展开全部)

'Naming and Necessity' has had a great and increasing influence. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of naming, and of identity. This seminal work, to which today's thriving essentialist metaphysics largely owes its impetus, is here reissued in a newly corrected form...(展开全部)

In what way are rules normative, and how do they differ from ordinary reasons? What makes normative systems systematic? What distinguishes legal systems, and in what consists their normativity? Joseph Raz answers these three questions by taking reasons as the basic normative concept, and showing the distinctive role reasons have in every case, thus paving the way to a unified a...(展开全部)